The Nacol Law Firm PC

Environmental employees may file a complaint if their employer retaliates against them with unfavorable personnel action because they report environmental violations.  The following is a list of statutes that protect environmental whistleblowers.

The Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) provides protections for individuals who report potential violations of environmental laws relating to asbestos in elementary and secondary schools.

The Clean Air Act (CAA) provides protection for employees who report potential violations regarding air emissions from area, stationary and mobile sources into the air. 

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) provides protections for employees who report potential violations regarding clean-up of uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites as well as accidents, spills, and other emergency releases of pollutants and contaminants into the environment.

The Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) provides protections for employees who report potential violations regarding discharges of pollutants into the waters of the United States.

The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) provides protection for employees who report potential violations regarding all waters actually and potentially designed for drinking use, whether from above ground or underground sources.

The Solid Waste Disposal Act (SWDA) provides protections for employees who report potential violations regarding the disposal of solid and hazardous waste at active and future facilities.

The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) provides protections for employees who report potential violations regarding industrial chemicals currently produced or imported into the United States.

If your employer is covered under one of these statutes, it may not discharge or in any manner retaliate against you because you reported potential violations of environmental laws and regulations.  Your employer may not discharge or in any manner retaliate against you because you filed, caused to be filed, participated in or assisted in a proceeding under one of these laws or regulations.

Your employer may be found to have violated one of these statutes if your protected activity was a motivating factor in its decision to take an unfavorable personnel action against you, such as:

• Firing or laying off
• Blacklisting
• Demoting
• Denying overtime or promotion
• Disciplining
• Denying benefits
• Failing to hire or rehire
• Intimidation
• Reassignment affecting promotion prospects
• Reducing pay or hours

 Depending on the statute, complaints must be filed within 30 days under CAA, CERCLA, FWPCA, SDWA, SWDA, TSCA or 90 days for AHERA after the alleged unfavorable personnel action occurs.

A prenuptial agreement is a contract entered into by the parties prior to a marriage or civil union. The content of a prenuptial agreement can vary widely, but commonly includes provisions for division of property and spousal support in the event of divorce or breakup of the marriage. They may also include terms for guardianship and the forfeiture of assets as a result of divorce on the grounds of adultery, cruelty or legal abandonment. Laws vary between states and countries on how to draft prenuptial agreements.  In the United States prenuptial agreements are recognized in all fifty states, but must be drafted and executed properly.

More and more couples are signing prenuptial marriage agreements. The spouses are not just couples dealing with financial inequality or couples of great wealth. They are couples who want to put all their financial cards and related issues on the table before they walk down the aisle, often to avoid great expense and prolonged painful litigation should the marriage fail.  The following is a partial list of pros regarding prenuptial agreements:

1.  A premarital agreement can protect the inheritance rights of children and grandchildren from a previous marriage.
2.  If you have your own business or professional practice, a premarital agreement can protect that interest so that the business or practice is not arbitrarily divided or unreasonably convoluted or subject to the control or involvement of your former spouse upon divorce.
3.  If one spouse has significantly more debt than the other, a premarital agreement can protect the debt-free spouse from having to assume or be liable for the obligations of the other.
4.  If you plan to give up a lucrative career after the marriage, a premarital agreement can ensure that you will be compensated for that sacrifice if the marriage does not last.
5.  A premarital agreement can address more than the financial aspects of marriage, and can cover any of the details of decision-making and responsibility sharing to which the parties agree in advance.
6.  A premarital agreement may limit or pre-structure, subject to court scrutiny, the amount of spousal support that one spouse will have to pay the other upon divorce.
7.  A premarital agreement can protect the financial interests of older persons, persons who are entering into second or subsequent marriages, and persons with substantial wealth.

Prenuptial agreements are, at best, a partial solution to obviating some of the risks of marital property disputes in times of divorce.  The following is a list of the possible pitfalls of a prenuptial agreement:

1.  The agreement may require you to give up your right to inherit from your spouse’s estate when he or she dies. Under the law, you are entitled to a portion of the estate even if your spouse does not include such a provision in his or her will.
2.  If you contribute to the continuing success and growth of your spouse’s business or professional practice by entertaining clients and taking care of the home, etc., thus allowing him or her to focus on professional endeavors, you may not be entitled to claim a share of the increase in value if you agree otherwise in a premarital agreement. Under the laws of many states, this increase in value would be considered divisible marital property.
3.  Starting a relationship with a contract that sets forth the particulars of what will happen upon death or divorce can undermine the sense of trust one wishes for upon marriage.
4.  As mentioned above, a contract can take the wind out of your emotional sails.
5.  It can be difficult to accurately project into the future which potential issues should be addressed, and what may seem like an inconsequential compromise in the romantic premarital period may seem more monumental and burdensome in reality.
6.  A low- or non-wage-earning spouse may not be able to sustain the lifestyle to which he or she has become accustomed during the marriage if the agreement substantially limits property division by the court or the amount of spousal support to which that spouse is entitled.
7.  In the “honeymoon” stage of a relationship, one spouse may agree to terms that are not in his or her best interests because he or she is “too in love” to be concerned about the financial aspects and can’t imagine the union coming to an untimely end.